"鄰避效應(yīng)":抵制小區(qū)建養(yǎng)老院

近日，上海一個(gè)小區(qū)掛滿“死人院滾出小區(qū)”、“反對在居住中心建養(yǎng)老院”、“反對侵權(quán)”等橫幅，引發(fā)媒體關(guān)注。

請看《中國日報(bào)》的報(bào)道：

There have been reports recently that residents of a community in Shanghai opposed the construction of a care home for the elderly near the community, because it might have a negative effect on their house prices. It's a typical social conflict that reflects the "not-in-my-backyard" attitude.
近日，有報(bào)道稱上海一小區(qū)居民反對在小區(qū)附近建養(yǎng)老院，因?yàn)轲B(yǎng)老院可能會造成房價(jià)下跌。這樣的社會沖突屬于典型的“鄰避效應(yīng)”。

“鄰避效應(yīng)”可以用not in my backyard表示，指居民或當(dāng)?shù)貑挝灰驌?dān)心建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，如垃圾場(waste collection station)、核電廠(nuclear power plant)、殯儀館(funeral home)等設(shè)施，對身體健康、環(huán)境質(zhì)量和資產(chǎn)價(jià)值等帶來諸多負(fù)面影響，從而激發(fā)人們的嫌惡情結(jié)，滋生“不要建在我家后院”的心理，及采取的強(qiáng)烈和堅(jiān)決的、有時(shí)高度情緒化的集體反對甚至抗?fàn)幮袨椤?/p>

人們了解建設(shè)這些公共設(shè)施(public facilities)的必要性，但是因?yàn)閾?dān)心污染、威脅健康(health risks)、導(dǎo)致資產(chǎn)減值(asset depreciation)而反對在社區(qū)附近建設(shè)這些項(xiàng)目。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的發(fā)展(social and economic development)和權(quán)利意識的提升，鄰避效應(yīng)只會越來越嚴(yán)重。這其中有一個(gè)利益的博弈和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān)的問題(conflicts between interests and risks)，化解之道就是要保障決策、實(shí)施過程的透明公開(make the decision-making and implementation processes fully transparent)，利益分配(distribution of interests)的公平與平等(fair and equal)。在頗具爭議的公共設(shè)施開始建設(shè)之前，應(yīng)該與民眾溝通、及時(shí)公布信息(the timely release of information)，對利益受損的個(gè)人(individuals whose interests have been undermined)，應(yīng)該給予適當(dāng)?shù)难a(bǔ)償(adequate compensation)。

（中國日報(bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 許晶晶）