Tea sets and rituals of the Qing Dynasty

China is the hometown of tea. As a result, Chinese tea sets have been renowned for exquisite craft and beautiful design throughout history. However, the most famous and delicate tea sets were produced in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), especially during Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong’s reigns (1661-1796).

Artistic Tea Sets

Tea sets, which have existed almost as long as tea has, include everything necessary to make tea, not simply the teapot and teacup. This means a teapot, teacup, tea tray, tea pitcher, tea bowl, and other utensils.

Generally speaking, Qing Dynasty tea sets were made of porcelain or pottery and produced in a place called Jingdezhen. Artists and workmen preferred blue-and-white patterns painted with landscapes, figures, plants as well as traditional pines and cranes.

Since the Qing Dynasty, Fujian bodiless-lacquer tea sets, Sichuan bamboo tea sets, and Hainan shell tea sets also emerged and became popular.

In the period of Emperor Kangxi (1661-1772), Chen Mingyuan, a famous pottery workman, created prune teapots and pumpkin teapots, which became famous for their creative combinations of shapes and functionality. Later, dark-red enameled teapots emerged and also became popular. In the palace of the Qing Dynasty, there were many dark-red enameled teapots, often painted with bamboos and flowers. The Qing imperial family apparently collected over 30 kinds of different tea annually. Except for tea given to ministers as an award, it was generally kept in special warehouses. Many tea sets were also preserved in some imperial living places.

There are also tea-drinking rituals. In some big and serious ceremonies, such as the sacrifices, weddings, funerals, birthday-celebrations, tea-making and drinking played a central role. Taking the birthday-celebration as an example, there are three procedures in the whole tea-drinking process. People not only washed hands and cleaned mouths before drinking the tea, but also composed poems after drinking based on the features of the tea to express their feelings.

Collection of Qing Teapot in Palace Museum of Beijing

Chrysanthemum teapot of Qianlong’s Period

This teapot has a green lid painted with pink chrysanthemums. The year the pot was made is carved into its bottom.

Phoenix teapot of Qianlong’s Period

This tea pot has square shoulders and ringed feet. There are peonies on one side and plums on the other. At the bottom of the pot, the year it was completed is also carved clearly in ancient Chinese characters.

Tea pot painted with figures of Qianlong’s Period

This round pot is carved human figures on one side of the body. On the other side, there is an old poem describing the figure and explaining the artistic conception.

Yixing-produced Daisy teapot of dark-brown pottery of Qianlong’s Period

This teapot is made of dark-brown pottery in the county of Yixing in Jiangsu province. There are several daisy blossoms around the body and, and the time the teapot was made is carved at the bottom of the pot.