Wugang is located in the central part of Henan province. It has a total area of 645.67 square kilometers. Honghe River and Ganjiang River and tributaries of Huaihe River travel through Wugang.

The city has complex surface configurations, which are basically classified into the types of plains, upland hillocks and mountainous areas. The terrains are high in the northwest and southeast, and low in the northeast and southwest. Wufeng Mountain, at the border with neighboring Biyang county, is the highest in the city at 872 meters above sea level.

Wugang dates back to 2,600 years ago in recorded history. It was a famous center for making irons and cast swords during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. In April 2010, the China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art named the city Capital of Chinese Iron Smelting Culture, and established the China Iron Smelting and Sword Casting Culture Research Center in the city. The iron-smelting culture of Wugang dates back to the pre-Qin period, and arose from making Longyuan double-edged swords.

The city is home to a number of large-scale enterprises, including Hebei Iron & Steel Group, Wugang Company (Wuyang Iron & Steel Co of the former Ministry of Metallurgy), Henan Angang Group and Wuyang Mining Co. The city is home to the Huaihe Administration Committee and Shimantan Reservoir Administration of Henan Provincial Water Resources Department. Wugang, with rich groundwater and underground water resources, is one of the top 10 iron producing areas in the country. In April 2010, it was named as the capital of China’s iron-smelting culture.

Shimantan National Forest Park and Shimantan National Water Conservancy Scenic Zone have unique landscapes. The city has advanced communications facilities. It is a national scientific research and production base for super-thick and super-wide boards. It is a sightseeing and vacation tourist site.