According to the sample survey of population in 2017, Shanxi province has?37.025 million permanent residents.

Shanxi is an interracial province with 54 minority ethnic groups apart from Han, and the population of minority ethnic groups accounts for 0.3% of the overall population of Shanxi, scattered throughout the province. Among those minority ethnic groups, the Hui nationality is in the majority followed by Manchu and the Mongolian nationality.