Denounce, condemn, deplore 單詞辨析

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Feifei: 大家好，歡迎收聽《你問我答》節(jié)目，我是馮菲菲。在這個(gè)節(jié)目中，我們會(huì)回答各位在英語學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的問題。如果你在英語學(xué)習(xí)中遇到任何難題都可以發(fā)郵件給我們。我們的電子郵箱是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk. 今天的問題來自北京的 Tom, 我們先來聽一下他的問題。

Question

I often see the three words 'denounce', 'condemn', 'deplore' in the news to express views about somebody or something. Could you tell me the difference between them and give me some good examples, so that I can understand them well. Thank you in advance!

Feifei: Tom 想請(qǐng)我們講解一下經(jīng)常會(huì)在新聞報(bào)道中聽到的三個(gè)單詞 'denounce', 'condemn' 還有 'deplore' 的區(qū)別。雖然這三個(gè)詞都能表達(dá)比較消極的、否定的意思，但在具體的詞義和使用上還是有區(qū)別的。我們先來說說單詞 denounce, 它是個(gè)動(dòng)詞，意思是公開指責(zé)、譴責(zé)。

Examples

Woman: Mr Hong said he had borrowed the bicycle, but nobody believed him, and his neighbours denounced him as a thief.

Man: Some critics have denounced the plans as dangerous.

Feifei: 動(dòng)詞 denounce 用來表示指責(zé)的意思時(shí)可以指責(zé)一個(gè)人或物，但后面必須加賓語。比如說，洪先生的鄰居指責(zé)說他是一個(gè)小偷 his neighbours denounced him as a thief; 接下來我們來指責(zé)一個(gè)物 some critics have denounced the plans as dangerous, 這里指責(zé)的物就是一個(gè) plan 計(jì)劃。那我們?cè)賮砜纯磫卧~ condemn 它的用法和 denounce 很相似，意思是譴責(zé)。比如在說上面舉到的例子，我們可以用單詞 condemn 來代替 denounce. 洪先生的鄰居可以 condemn him as a thief.

Examples

Woman: Mr Hong said he had borrowed the bicycle, but nobody believed him, and his neighbours condemned him as a thief.

Man: Most governments condemn the use of child soldiers.

Feifei: Condemn 可以和不定式 to 連用，表示對(duì)某人處以刑罰。比方說，某人可以被處以死刑。

Example

The murderers were condemned to death.

Feifei: 處以死刑 condemned to death. 我們還可以用 condemn to 來描述某人被迫接受困境或不愉快的處境。請(qǐng)聽下面的例子 – 這是一句格言，意思是“不吸取歷史教訓(xùn)的人注定要重蹈覆轍”。

Example

Woman: Those who do not learn the lessons of history are condemned to repeat it.

Feifei: 最后我們來看動(dòng)詞 deplore, 意思是譴責(zé)，強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。我們常用 deplore 來譴責(zé)一種行為、行徑，而不用這個(gè)詞來譴責(zé)一個(gè)人。比如說，你可以 deplore an event or action 而不能 deplore a person.

Examples

Man: Most governments deplore the use of child soldiers.

Woman: The villagers deplored the theft of the bicycle.

Feifei: 今天我們講解了三個(gè)通常在新聞報(bào)道中可以用到的表達(dá)反對(duì)和譴責(zé)的詞。在結(jié)束今天節(jié)目之前，我們?cè)賮砺爭讉€(gè)例子。

Examples

Man: The organisers deplore the waste of food.

Woman: The team lost most of their games, and were condemned to play in the second division.

Man: The new policy has been denounced by almost everyone.

Woman: We condemn the attack as completely unacceptable.

Feifei: 希望今天的節(jié)目對(duì) Tom 的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。感謝收聽，我們下次再會(huì)啦。

Goodbye!

相關(guān)閱讀

Similar words 學(xué)習(xí)同義詞的方法

New world, new words 數(shù)碼時(shí)代的新詞匯

Historic and historical 兩詞區(qū)別

“觀景房”的說法

（來源：BBC英語教學(xué) 編輯：Julie）